Tag Archive: agriculture

Permagarden 101

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Matthews likes to add banana leaves for protection of the tomato seedlings. We also planted spinach, carrots, and cabbages. The slope runs toward the people, the holes trap some of the flow from a heavy downpour, and the beds are dug two feet deep to trap more water and allow the roots to go straight down and allow for closer planting.

As I had indicated in an earlier post, ATEFO has a new contract to work with 1500 youth in 110 groups in Bugiri and Iganga. Part of the contract is to teach and dig 600 household gardens before the contract expires in July next year. These would provide a steady source of nutrition for the household with minimal maintenance. It’s a daunting goal.

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Becky shows how deep the top soil is, about an inch, before the double digging allowed more manure and air to permit the stick to go down two feet. I particularly enjoyed the fact that Becky could teach this, as I have been chiding Adams that he only hired male trainers for the new contract. He blames it on the lack of skilled female motorcycle drivers to get into the deep villages.

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Carson talks to the group.

Matthews and I organized trainings in Iganga and Bugiri for the ATEFO trainers to learn about digging permagardens. For the first training near Iganga, I recruited fellow Peace Corps volunteers from my Lusoga Language cohort, Becky and Carson, to help out. They had been trainers for the new Agri-business cohort that just arrived in June, and had received a permagarden refresher from my hero, Peter Jenson. It was a great session. I think the ATEFO trainers present were impressed, and most of all, Matthews is sold on it. I had dug such a garden last year at the office, but this lesson connected the dots better for him.

The next day Matthews and I dug a smaller garden, with two beds instead of three, for the Bugiri Trainers. Slipping back into Uganda’s ways, that day’s program was plagued by time conflicts, and poor communication, which resulted in some trainers and youth not attending either session. So a challenge remains to spreading the word for 600 permagardens. You want to connect with at least one “early adapter” in each youth or farmer group, who will appreciate the demo garden we dig, then dig his own, then perhaps help a neighbor dig another one too. That’s how to get to 600. While digging these gardens we continue to teach sack gardens.

Seeds of Opportunity, Seeds of Conflict

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These ladies are one of the new youth groups we are taking on. learning how to style hair at “Brego’s Saloon”. (sic 😉 ) They can run this business from their home. Their little town is west of Bugiri and a popular night stop for truck drivers, with all that entails.

I am sitting in a hotel in Seeta, just outside of Kampala. It is time for a week of Mid-Service Training (MST). I haven’t seén most of my cohort since January. We are going to get re-tested on our language skills! I brought my notes from last year to study on the taxi ride to Seeta. I will flunk for sure. Sorry sorry.

Apparently the accommodations get upgraded for each training of the cohort. This place has a gym and a pool, and free wi-fi. I’m low on data, so I am taking advantage of the free wi-fi for today’s posts.

They say it takes a year for a PCV to get established, then you can get more things done the second year. I have some new optimism about my work in the next year. ATEFO just entered into a contract to work with an NGO which has purportedly established 110 youth groups in Bugiri and Iganga during the past year, teaching various occupational skills. This NGO wants ATEFO to take on these groups and teach record keeping, leadership, marketing etc. Another part of the curriculum is teaching household gardens. I have lobbied Adams to allow some PCVs to come out to Iganga to help me teach the trainers how to dig and teach permagardens. He seems agreeable, but in Uganda they always seem agreeable. We will also probably teach sack gardens. The contract runs through next July, shortly before my service ends. I am being pretty aggressive about getting some good roles to play in this project in the next year. While I am away this week, ATEFO has hired additional trainers for the project, and they are to mapping out the youth groups to confirm they are there, and establish rapport.

In the meantime, I am also working with the Bugiri Rotary Club to obtain grants from Rotary International to assist two projects. The first is the “Love Project”, boosting a primary school for disabled students. They are blind, deaf, handicapped, and autistic. The campus needs some minor renovations, including a wall for security around the school compound, and equipment and materials, such as braille machines, glasses, hearing aids, tactile globes, white canes, text books etc. I am also desirous of putting on a camp for these kids with my follow PCV, Becky, with the assistance of another PCV who has experience with camps for disabled kids..

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A room at Hindocha Primary School.

The second project is to aid renovations of Hindocha Primary School, which is located right behind my  office at ATEFO . A tour of Hindocha revealed terrible conditions at this 70+ year old school. Every room has a leaky roof for example. I will go into more detail as these two projects develop.

A graduate of Hindocha is member of the Riverside California. Rotary Club. He runs a technical training school here in Bugiri and goes back and forth between the two countries. He has asked for forms to request a new Peace Corps volunteer. He has chided the Bugiri Club for identifying the two projects a year ago and making no progress. I am his ally now to push things along. I have told my club I have a year left and the grant process takes a while, so we have to push push push. I have tentatively recruited my home Northglenn-Thornton club to be an International partner for one or both of these projects. I can be their boots on the ground to ensure the money is spent properly.

Endocrinology treatment in Australia costs very less and the best results that viagra purchase on line this medicine gives. Extrovert type of see content buy cheap cialis people can openly describe their problem to intercourse partner, doctor, physician but the introvert type of people will not even feel to tell their erectile dysfunction problem to his partner as well. Daytona International Speedway implemented a text messaging system this season to push out weather updates to cialis properien fans’ cellphones during race weekends. Coffee: Packed with caffeine, coffee not only serves as an eye opener every morning, it also boosts the stamina. generic levitra In the meantime, Azedy my landlord, has been struggling to get full-time work. Fortunately, his wife Margaret is teaching full time. To make extra money, Azedy and Margaret are working on the field behind their house to grow sweet potatoes and a few other crops, which I have written about in recent posts.

In a newer project, Azedy is growing 20,000 orange tree seedlings. You start with lemon seeds, which grow into a very hardy tree, but then graft orange buds on to the seedlings to produce hardy orange trees. Can you imagine doing that 20,00 times? I can’t wait to see this, and will try to learn how, mainly just out of curiosity,   He believes the government has programs to buy these seedlings or direct certain suppliers to him. He is hiring some boys to help him put the seedlings in little bags of fertilized dirt. The other day, Margaret discovered that these boys had dug up some of “her” recently planted dirt for the seedling bags. Voices were raised that night!

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Azedy is able to use his neighbor’s half built walls to get protection from goats and thieves.

Recently, I went to visit my home stay parents in Iganga, Hellen and Simon. Much to my surprise, Hellen has embarked on an identical orange seedling project, including the grafting of orange buds to lemon trees. She is making 30,000 seedlings and has plans to get up to 100,000 of them. I was sad to point out to both Azedy and Hellen that they were doing identical projects, but hated not to say anything.. I am worried about an over-supply, and now so are they. If I know two people who are doing this, how many others are there? Margaret and Simon are friends too, through their teaching careers. The seedling sales will probably occur January through March, I will keep you posted.

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These are Hellen’s seedlings. Some relation told her about this opportunity and she has jumped right in. At least both of the seedling projects are hiring some boys to do most of the work.

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You might recall Adrian had a close brush with mortality. As he struggled, an uncle asked him what he would want if he got better. Adrian said a bicycle. The uncle had just delivered it, sparking a round of sibling jealously. I remember my first picture of these kids a year ago. They were playing with rocks!

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Adams is getting married! The normal way to raise money for your your introduction ceremony is to hand out a budget. I’ve been given budgets for graduation parties too. This one was accompanied by a pledge card. If you care to blow this photo up, you will see on the first two lines that Adams is contributing 7 cows and 4 goats as the dowry he negotiated with the bride’s parents.

 

GMOs in Uganda?

I saw an article recently in the local paper urging Uganda to adopt Genetically Modified (GMO). Crops. I recall that mandatory labeling of GMO was a recent controversial Colorado ballot issue. It has seemed to me that proactively labeling export crops from Uganda as “Non-GMO” might be a marketing advantage. I emailed my hero Peter Jensen, who teaches perma-gardening to Peace Corps volunteers all over the world. I wanted to know his views, which I reprint with his permission.

GMO crops. Yes – it would be an advantage to Uganda to market the hell out of the fact that field crops from Uganda are non-GMO! Especially as any markets for Ugandan crops are most likely European. Nearly every (could be all) European nations have declared they will not import GMO crops.

Personally, I weigh in on the ‘against GMO’ side of things. Partly from the perspective that we really don’t know the long term health effects of eating maize infused with the genes of soil bacterium that works to rot the guts out of the army worms and other caterpillars that attack maize. Scientists have found that rats eating GMO sweet corn did indeed develop stomach ulcers and even cancer. That makes me turn my head a bit.

I mostly come down against GMO because it is a bandaid solution. We don’t need drought tolerant crops – we need drought tolerant soil. But I can get away with this because I operate on the small potatoes scale of things and preach the ‘Small is Bountiful’ mantra of the acre or less farmers of the world. I can understand the push to reach those 10+ acre commercial growers who honestly can’t double dig…but they could use better non-till/cover crop intensive systems that would do much the same.

That’s just my initial take on your question. Feel free to bounce other thoughts at me.

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Rainy season is starting and last night was the biggest rainstorm since I came to Uganda. It wrecked the ATEFO sign in front of our office.

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Azedy Jr. had to come home from boarding school for the second time in two weeks due to malaria. You occasionally see people around town with the IV stub bandaged to their arm.

Sack Gardens and the Ag Fair

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Matthews killing it in Ronnie’s village. Upon seeing the sack garden garden for the first time, Ronnie said it was “awesome”

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Instead of using a match to make the holes in the grain sack, this guy was holding an ember between two corn cobs.

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Even moms with babies on their back can make a sack garden

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Can you see how well this farmer took notes?

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A volunteer stirs the liquid soap mixture. I couldn’t understand the lesson, but Matthews was suitably impressed with Ronnie’s presentation.

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A job “well done”


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Someone in the village covered the new sack garden with this huge basket, to protect it from thieves and goats, I guess. Matthews thought it was hilarious.

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I went with Adams, Mathews and Jedidah (office admin) to the annual Jinja Agricultural Show.  It was interesting to see new technologies.

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The Ag Show was like a state fair on steroids. The crowds were huge, oppressive and there were hordes of uniformed school groups.

Sack Garden Matthews and I are starting to get around to our farmer groups to build demonstration sack gardens. After enduring my programs on record keeping and budgeting, it’s an entertaining show. I previously showed how these were made here. The village is supposed to prepare a place for the Sack Garden and provide a grain sack, a wheelbarrow of manure, three wheelbarrows of dirt, and rocks. This seems like a challenge, which is a bit frustrating, since we wind up having to do more site prep before the lesson commences. Still, it’s quite amusing, since no one can understand what we are doing until we have assembled it. On Saturday we made a sack garden in Ronnie’s village, after he taught how to make liquid soap. Matthews is a good teacher, always striving to interact with the people. I am more passive, allowing Ugandans to teach Ugandans. Plus it saves on translation time. My presence in Ronnie’s village is exploited to help draw the crowd though.

 

Goats Head Soup (A fitting punishment)

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This is Adams’ passion fruit field where I picked beans last December

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Some dastardly goats

I was disappointed when I came back from vacation. Matthews reported that goats had ruined my permagarden for the season, with the exception of a few surviving tomato plants. Also when I got my home, I went to the field behind the compound I had featured  in my blog earlier with the cows plowing and Margaret digging. Matthews had given her some banana seedlings that were doing quite well. Even with a surrounding fence however, goats got in and ate the leaves from the banana plants right down to the stalks. The sweet potatoes and cassava are still OK. I have said before goats are tethered everywhere, but some get loose and roam around.
While talking with Margaret about the banana plant calamity, she picked some “greens” for me. Some of them was do do (long o), a bitter green which is a sad substitute for spinach in my opinion. I don’t even know what the other greens were, nor can I tell the difference with weeds very easily. Then the caretaker for Adams’ passion fruit field, where I had worked in December to pick beans, gave me a bag of beans, from the same place. So I am preparing and eating them. It’s only fair I emulate the natives. Its so time consuming for a pampered American from the suburbs.

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A handful of greens to rinse three times, chop, and cook on the griddle.


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After cooking the greens, I made a grilled cheese and avocado sandwich, and that was dinner. I could not eat all the greens. How I miss broccoli. I will grow it someday.

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A bag of Adams’ beans to clean while I watch some movie on my computer.

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In my current situation of managing my monthly living allowance, these are relatively expensive, but labor saving, alternatives. Shame on me, the pampered American has not totally escaped processed foods.

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In my new neighborhood, a new group of kids to treat me like a rock star. They come running, and I am obliged to lift and toss each one up a bit. Its good for my arms. Here, they clustered at my door and “helped” me knock while I waited for someone to let me in.

Keep On Working

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Matthews had loaned his helmet to someone else. I have armored pants but don’t always wear them.

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Staff meeting at ATEFO. They have a new contract working with maize farmers

I hope you all had a good Memorial Day Weekend. It has been noted that out of 200,000 volunteers since the start of Peace Corps in 1962, 301 have died in service.

For my Memorial Day, I invested in a bit of data and watched the second half of game 7 of the Golden State v. Oklahoma City series, starting at 5:00 a.m. Tuesday. It was the first basketball I had seen in a year. The Denver Nuggets had two great rookies this year, but I haven’t seen them play yet.

The commercials startle me with how comparatively affluent America is. A PSA was shown promoting little league basketball. Oh how nice it would be if every town in Uganda had a gym like that for the kids.
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Hopefully, with the burial, typhoid, special classes, the two weeks preparing for the Introduction and Wedding behind him, Matthews is going to be able to take me to the villages on a more consistent basis. We are checking back on certain groups to see how much they retained or implemented from previous lessons on record keeping. While this process can be frustrating, I do believe I can find an “early adapter” or two in each farmer group. That might be the best I can hope for. I tell the groups that in both Uganda and America, the most successful families are careful and disciplined with their spending. Keeping track of your money, and planning is the pathway to prosperity.
In the meantime, I am advising the incoming President of the Bugiri Rotary Club about ways to increase its presence in the community and encouraging member attendance. A big challenge is collecting dues, which are around US$150 per year. We also want to have a bigger presence in the local secondary schools. As I am getting more acquainted with members, some have great back stories of overcoming adversity. I am going to try to get a few them to inspire the youth groups with their stories, and I hope to share some on this blog.

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Remember that post with the two cows plowing? I was amazed to find the progress they had made the other day planting sweet potatoes. Margaret is a teacher and the the schools are on holiday. I chided Azedy, but he says he was getting up at 5 a.m. and doing his share.

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But they still have a way to go! Matthews helped me plant spinach, carrots and cabbage in my permagarden at the office. I want to make spinach salad so bad…

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While Matthews translated what I just said, I walked around and took this photo of a recent group.

Introduction and Giveaway Ceremony

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There was a comedic M.C on each side providing commentary and moving things along. Our M.C. is in the foreground, the groom’s side M.C. sits behind the basin.

A Ugandan tradition is the Introduction and Giveaway Ceremony.  The groom and his family and friends are introduced to the Bride’s family and friends, culminating in the bride being given away to the groom.  It seems as big as the wedding itself. For his daughter’s ceremony, Matthews said I needed to be there by 10 a.m.  to socialize a bit beforehand, before it was to start at 1 p.m.  As usual in “Uganda time” the groom’s people didn’t even show up until 4 p.m. Matthews’ father sat next to me, translated, and tried to explain the ceremony.  I had to leave at 5:30 p.m. before the bride even came out and was still was not able to get home until well after dark at 9:30 p.m.

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Four dancing “nurses” approach the groom’s people as they arrive.They said they had checked everyone’s health and they were fine, except one man, the groom, who suffered the “sickness of love”. The groom’s people had to wait, and entered through the orange arch in the pouring rain. Serves them right for being so late. Rain stopped after they were seated!

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An “aunty” came out carrying wood, and said she had forgotten the Introduction was that day and had to get things organized.

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before the festivities began, the preparation of three big vats of matoke, made from green plantains. Matoke is a staple of any social gathering with food in Uganda.

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Various groups came dancing out to meet the groom’s family.

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These two girls came out, and in response to something an M.C. asked, said something I didn’t understand except the word “Muzungu” (white person). Everyone turned and looked at me and laughed. As near as I can understand, in response to whether they were enjoying themselves, one of them said yes because even a Muzungu was present.

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A selfie with Matthews’ father, who is 80 y.o. Besides his own seven children, he had to raise the children of two brothers who had died. He complained that he suffered to pay all their school fees, and now none of them will ever visit. I was praising Matthews skill as a gardener, so he requested I bring Matthews to his home at Jinja where he has land, so Matthews can give him advice.

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“Meanwhile, back at the ranch”, Azedy hired these two men to plow behind his compound. So much of the level of development is like the Old West of America. Instead of horses and carriages though, it’s boda bodas and taxis.

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Some of my new neighbor kids. This is the view across the street from my compound.

Pictures at an Exhibition

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At the Tororo Rice Exhibition, a plow is demonstrated. They dug up a patch of the park! In the background is a machine that plants four lines of rice seedlings. Note the floaters on the side.

Happy May!

I went with Adams to a rice exhibition in Tororo, which is northeast of Bugiri. I had not visited there before. The main sponsor of the exhibition was International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), a Dutch company which has partnered with many NGOs, including ATEFO.  Attendees went from booth to booth, hearing what each exhibit was about. ATEFO had a small table. There should have been more rice farmers mobilized for this, but it was still nice to see what was on display. The representative from IFDC, a gentleman from the UK who lives in Kampala, chatted with me. He reaffirmed a deep frustration that farmers do not keep records. I learned that Uganda is a net importer of rice, due to it’s ranking of 70th out of 78 countries in milled rice yield per hectare  Ugandans work hard but when the President promises to hand out 18 million hoes for election in the year 2016, it’s hard to compete. A few different people approached and told me we had met before, at one of the farmer groups, or some function. Ugh, it’s hard to remember everyone I have met!

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ATEFO’s man in Tororo talks about financial literacy

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The booths reminded me of the competitive exhibits of the Educate Club Youth Group. So there is a practical application.

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The exhibits were judged and ATEFO finished 5th. All the prizes were bags of IFDC Fertilizer.

What’s for Tea Mum?

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A nearby view from Karen’s place of some of the tea fields. These are actually trees which are kept trimmed into shrubs. After planting they take 3 years before the leaves are tea-worthy, and then they produce every growing season for 100 years. Most of these fields were planted in the early 1960’s. Karen frequently sees baboons, which inhabit the wooded valley below, but they were not around on our day there. A couple of days later we saw baboons on the road to Queen Elizabeth National Park. We did see white-tailed monkeys called Colombus in the plantation’s forest. Couldn’t get good pictures.

 

My fellow fossil David, and still-too-young-to be-a-fossil Karen enjoyed a great week traveling together. Our first stop was the massive tea plantation at Karen’s site. Karen is a Health volunteer recently retired from her career in the Navy as an air traffic controller. She teaches about good, nutrition, HIV and other health topics to the several worker camps spread throughout the plantation.

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This selfie to mark the beginning of our travels was taken upon our arrival by taxi at the closest town to the plantation. Karen needs to summon a car from here to get home

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The field on the right and beyond has been sprayed with ground up limestone to treat algae. This is brand new technology. They will be growing again next season.

 

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Karen stands by her excellent permagarden by her home. It takes drainage from her roof and is double dug and everything. She dug another one at a work camp.

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The tea factory. There were conveyer belts with fans to dry the leaves and then they are ground down, separated by quality, and put in large bags, transported elsewhere to be processed into the tiny tea bags.. There are different grades of tea. They make black tea. Green tea is from the same leaves, just processed differently.

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This is a tasting room. A spittoon in the right foreground. When new employees are interviewed, in the waiting room they are given the choice of coffee, tea, or other drinks. If they don’t select tea they don’t get hired!

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These are the machines to trim the tea trees. Run by two on each side, and a third person with a bag to collect it

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The plantation raises its own eucalyptus trees, which are fast-growing, and used to power the factory with steam energy

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Feeding the boiler

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Karen and her supervisor Elijah at a work camp. In Uganda, no matter where you go, you have to sign a guest book. I have signed dozens of these.

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An artistic representation of a crowded taxi for sale in a hotel in Fort Portal. The tires are bottle caps. I plan to buy one to bring home when I return to America, but it was too delicate to lug and too expensive ($12 US- ha! Uganda!) to get now.

We teased that Karen’s place is “Posh Corps”. She has tremendous views, good electricity, running water, a kitchen similar to a US suburb (both gas and electric burners, gas oven, many cabinets), western style toilet, a nearby club for executives Karen may use (free beer) and even a nearby landing strip. David and I stayed at a guest house a few minutes from Karen’s home. We had a cook and our clothes were laundered.

We walked through the tea fields to the Tea Factory and received a tour. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to take pictures in the factory. Later we enjoyed the free beer at the club and a lively conversation with Karen’s supervisor, Elijah.

Farmer Dave

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On the right is a key hole garden. Dave was growing collard greens, kale and coriander. When he returned after our trip, pigs had escaped their pen and totally destroyed it. He thinks they like kale. On the left is a hugelkulture garden. He buried timbers which soaks up water so the roots continue to be nourished during dry season. It is growing collards, beans and peppers

After two nights at Karen’s tea plantation, we stopped in Fort Portal. It’s the closest big town to Karen and David and gets a lot of tourists on their way to national parks.

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Heh- Super Bowl game face

Karen dislikes football, and chose to stay at a hotel for Sunday night.David has great internet reception at his site, a large demonstration farm on the top of a hill. We went to bed early, and then streamed the Super Bowl beginning at 2:30 a.m. Monday morning.A glorious victory for the Broncos!

David had a career as a graphic designer in the states, though he “woofed” at some farms in recent years (room and board in exchange for labor). He calls Wisconsin his home state, lived in Pittsburgh for many years and most recently he lived in North Carolina He has dug eleven different gardens on his site. (My own permagarden is a disaster in mismanagement and neglect- except for the carrots. Matthews transplanted my cabbage and my broccoli did not grow. I’ll do better next season.)

Dry season is intense out in the west, with only negligible rain since Christmas. Dave’s place had a dry water tank, so no bathing that night.

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Another hugelkulture garden, growing Russian comfrey, which is fed to chickens to make their yolk yellower and eggs tastier.

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David made this with bamboo, called reeds here.. He needs to add Madagascar! When he isn’t researching how to be a concert impresario, he enjoys painting in the evenings.

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Like I do, David greets many children on the trek to his place. Which of us will have the first heart attack from swinging children around ? I usually prefer the fist bumps followed by hand disinfectant 🙂

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David has an ambitious secondary project. He wants to promote a three day
music fest in Fort Portal. beginning on World AIDS day December 1, Anyone who voluntarily tests for HIV two months earlier, will be admitted free.